Exercise 14.2
Page-14.20Question 1:
In Fig., line n is a transversal to lines l and m. Identify the following:
(i) Alternate and corresponding angles in Fig. (i).
(ii) Angles alternate to ∠d and ∠g and angles corresponding to angles ∠f and ∠h in Fig. (ii).
(iii) Angle alternate to ∠PQR, angle corresponding to ∠RQF and angle alternate to ∠PQE in Fig. (iii).
(iv) Pairs of interior and exterior angles on the same side of the transversal in Fig. (ii).
Answer 1:
(i) Figure (i)
Corresponding angles:
EGB and GHD
HGB and FHD
EGA and GHC
AGH and CHF
Alternate angles:
EGB and CHF
HGB and CHG
EGA and FHD
AGH and GHD
(ii) Figure (ii)
Alternate angle to d is e.
Alternate angle to g is b.
Also,
Corresponding angle to f is c.
Corresponding angle to h is a.
(iii) Figure (iii)
Angle alternate to PQR is QRA.
Angle corresponding to RQF is ARB.
Angle alternate to POE is ARB.
(iv) Figure (ii)
Pair of interior angles are
a and e
d and f
Pair of exterior angles are
b and h
c and g
Question 2:
In Fig., AB and CD are parallel lines intersected by a transversal PQ at L and M respectively. If ∠CMQ = 60°, find all other angles in the figure.
Answer 2:
ALM = CMQ = (Corresponding angles)
LMD = CMQ = (Vertically opposite angles)
ALM = PLB = (Vertically opposite angles)
Since
CMQ + QMD = (Linear pair)
QMD =
QMD = MLB = (Corresponding angles)
QMD = CML = (Vertically opposite angles)
MLB = ALP = (Vertically opposite angles)
Question 3:
In Fig., AB and CD are parallel lines intersected by a transversal PQ at L and M respectively. If ∠LMD = 35° find ∠ALM and ∠PLA.
Answer 3:
In the given Fig., AB || CD.
Question 4:
The line n is transversal to line l and m in Fig. Identify the angle alternate to ∠13, angle corresponding to ∠15, and angle alternate to ∠15.
Answer 4:
In this given Fig., line l || m.
Here,
Alternate angle to 13 is 7.
Corresponding angle to 15 is 7.
Alternate angle to 15 is 5.
Question 5:
In Fig., line l || m and n is a transversal. If ∠1 = 40°, find all the angles and check that all corresponding angles and alternate angles are equal.
Answer 5:
In the given figure, l || m.
Here,
Also,
Thus,
Hence, alternate angles are equal.
Question 6:
In Fig., line l || m and a transversal n cuts them at P and Q respectively. If ∠1 = 75°, find all other angles.
Answer 6:
In the given figure, l || m, n is a transversal line and ∠1 = 75°.
Thus, we have:
Question 7:
In Fig., AB || CD and a transversal PQ cuts them at L and M respectively. If ∠QMD = 100°, find all other angles.
Answer 7:
In the given figure, AB || CD, PQ is a transversal line and QMD = 100°.
Thus, we have:
DMQ + QMC = 180° (Linear pair)
Thus,
DMQ = BLM = 100° (Corresponding angles)
DMQ = CML = 100° (Vertically opposite angles)
BLM = PLA = 100° (Vertically opposite angles)
Also,
CMQ = ALM = 80° (Corresponding angles)
CMQ = DML = 80° (Vertically opposite angles)
ALM = PLB = 80° (Vertically opposite angles)
Question 8:
In Fig., l || m and p || q. Find the values of x, y, z, t.
Answer 8:
In the given figure, l || m and p || q.
Thus, we have:
(Vertically opposite angles)
(Corresponding angles)
(Corresponding angles)
(Corresponding angles)
Question 9:
In Fig., line l || m, ∠1 = 120° and ∠2 = 100°, find out ∠3 and ∠4.
Answer 9:
In the given figure, ∠1 = 120° and ∠2 =100°.
Since l || m, so
Also,
We know that the sum of all the angles of triangle is 180°.
Question 10:
In Fig., line l || m. Find the values of a, b, c, d. Give reasons.
Answer 10:
In the given figure, line l || m.
Thus, we have:
Question 11:
In Fig., AB || CD and ∠1 and ∠2 are in the ratio 3 : 2. Determine all angles from 1 to 8.
Answer 11:
In the given figure, AB || CD and t is a transversal line.
Now, let:
Thus, we have:
Now,
Question 12:
In Fig., l, m and n are parallel lines intersected by transversal p at X, Y and Z respectively. Find ∠1, ∠2 and ∠3.
Answer 12:
In the given figure, l || m || n and p is a transversal line.
Thus, we have:
Question 13:
In Fig., if l || m || n and ∠1 = 60°, find ∠2.
Answer 13:
In the given figure, l || m || n and ∠1 = 60°.
Thus, we have:
Question 14:
In Fig., if AB || CD and CD || EF, find ∠ACE.
Answer 14:
In the given figure, AB || CD and CD || EF.
Extend line CE to E'.
Thus, we have:
Question 15:
In Fig., if l || m, n || p and ∠1 = 85°, find ∠2.
Answer 15:
In the given figure, l || m, n || p and ∠1 = 85°.
Now, let ∠4 be the adjacent angle of ∠2.
Thus, we have:
(Sum of interior angles on the same side of the transversal)
Question 16:
In Fig., a transversal n cuts two lines l and m. If ∠1 = 70° and ∠7 = 80°, is l || m?
Answer 16:
We know that if the alternate exterior angles of two lines are equal, then the lines are parallel.
In the given figure, are alternate exterior angles, but they are not equal.
Therefore, lines l and m are not parallel.
Question 17:
In Fig., a transversal n cuts two lines l and m such that ∠2 = 65° and ∠8 = 65°. Are the lines parallel?
Answer 17:
2 = 3 = 65° (Vertically opposite angles)
8 = 6 = 65° (Vertically opposite angles)
∴ 3 = 6
⇒ l || m (Two lines are parallel if the alternate angles formed with the transversal are equal)
Question 18:
In Fig., show that AB || EF.
Answer 18:
Extend line CE to E'.
Question 19:
In Fig., AB || CD. Find the values of x, y, z.
Answer 19:
(Linear pair)
(Corresponding angles)
(Sum of adjacent interior angles is )
(Sum of adjacent interior angles is )
Question 20:
In Fig., find out ∠PXR, if PQ || RS.
Answer 20:
Draw a line parallel to PQ passing through X.
Here,
(Alternate interior angles)
∵ PQ || RS || XF
∴
Question 21:
In Fig., we have
(i) ∠MLY = 2 ∠LMQ, find ∠LMQ.
(ii) ∠XLM = (2x − 10)° and ∠LMQ = x + 30°, find x.
(iii) ∠XLM = ∠PML, find ∠ALY
(iv) ∠ALY = (2x − 15)°, and ∠LMQ = (x + 40)°, find x
Answer 21:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Question 22:
In Fig., DE || BC. Find the values of x and y.
Answer 22:
ABC = DAB (Alternate interior angles)
ACB = EAC (Alternate interior angles)
Question 23:
In Fig., line AC || line DE and ∠ABD = 32°. Find out the angles x and y if ∠E = 122°.
Answer 23:
Question 24:
In Fig., side BC of ∆ABC has been produced to D and CE || BA. If ∠ABC = 65°, ∠BAC = 55°, find ∠ACE, ∠ECD and ∠ACD.
Answer 24:
ABC = ECD = 55° (Corresponding angles)
BAC = ACE = 65° (Alternate interior angles)
Now, ACD = ACE + ECD
⇒ ACD = 55° + 65° = 120°
Question 25:
In Fig., line CA ⊥ AB || line CR and line PR || line BD. Find ∠x, ∠y and ∠z.
Answer 25:
Since CA ⊥ AB,
We know that the sum of all the angles of triangle is 180°.
PBC = APQ = (Corresponding angles)
Since
Question 26:
In Fig., PQ || RS. Find the value of x.
Answer 26:
Question 27:
In Fig., AB || CD and AE || CF; ∠FCG = 90° and ∠BAC = 120°. Find the values of x, y and z.
Answer 27:
BAC = ACG = 120° (Alternate interior angle)
∴ ACF + FCG = 120°
⇒ ACF = 120° − 90° = 30°
DCA + ACG = 180° (Linear pair)
⇒x = 180° − 120° = 60°
BAC + BAE + EAC = 360°
CAE = 360° − 120° − (60° + 30°) = 150° (BAE = DCF)
Question 28:
In Fig., AB || CD and AC || BD. Find the values of x, y, z.
Answer 28:
(i) Since AC || BD and CD || AB, ABCD is a parallelogram.
CAB + ACD = 180° (Sum of adjacent angles of a parallelogram)
∴ ACD = 180° − 65° = 115°
CAD = CDB = 65° (Opposite angles of a parallelogram)
ACD = DBA = 115° (Opposite angles of a parallelogram)
(ii) Here,
AC || BD and CD || AB
DAC = x = 40° (Alternate interior angle)
DAB = y = 35° (Alternate interior angle)
Question 29:
In Fig., state which lines are parallel and why?
Answer 29:
Let F be the point of intersection of line CD and the line passing through point E.
Since ACD and CDE are alternate and equal angles, so
ACD = 100° = CDE
∴ AC || EF
Question 30:
In Fig. 87, the corresponding arms of ∠ABC and ∠DEF are parallel. If ∠ABC = 75°, find ∠DEF.
Answer 30:
Construction: Let G be the point of intersection of lines BC and DE.
∵ AB || DE and BC || EF
∴ (Corresponding angles)
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